1972—2019年南极威德尔冰间湖以及莫德高地冰间湖的特征分析     

钱江潮  王召民  刘成彦  李丙瑞 《气象科学》2020,40(5):721-732

基于美国冰雪中心以及AMSR-2海冰密集度产品,分析了1972—2019年在威德尔海域发生的莫德高地冰间湖（1973、1980—2017年）以及威德尔冰间湖（1974—1976年）的时空变化特征,从而为研究冰间湖的形成和长期变化机制提供依据。选用40%海冰密集度阈值识别冰间湖,发现威德尔冰间湖（平均面积为250 000 km²）从结冰期至融冰期一直存在,而莫德高地冰间湖（面积从1980年的1 350 km²至2017年的53 180 km²）则出现日期晚（晚于7月18日）且持续时间短（除2017年长达90 d以上,一般在3~23 d内）。这些时空特征差异反映了与威德尔冰间湖和莫德高地冰间湖相关的海洋对流活动的巨大差异。基于漂流浮标数据评估了2016—2017年莫德高地冰间湖出现前中后区域的温盐变化特征,发现2016年夏季表层水盐度升高,且在2017年变得更暖更咸,但在2018年却变淡。这可能与莫德高地冰间湖在2016年冬出现、2017年冬面积增大以及2018年冬未出现的现象密切相关。此外,2019年在离莫德高地西南方3 000 km的海域首次出现了一个冰间湖,这可能是由于风暴过境导致。海洋和大气在冰间湖的产生、维持以及消散中起着重要作用。  相似文献   

A calibration method of Argo floats based on multiple regression analysis     

纪风颖  王凡 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2006,24(2):118-124

1 INTRODUCTION Argo floats are instruments that move freely with the ocean current at fixed parking depths and cycle from a profiling depth to the sea surface at regular time intervals. While rising to the surface, these autonomous floats take profiles of…  相似文献   

Results of NFP 20 seismic reflection profiling along the Alpine section of the European Geotraverse (EGT)     

P. Valasek  St. Mueller  W. Frei  K. Holliger 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,105(1):85-102

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Modern swathe sounding and sub-bottom profiling technology for research applications: The Atlas Hydrosweep and Parasound Systems     

J. A. Grant  R. Schreiber 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1990,12(1-2):9-19

This chapter describes two separate but complementary research echosounder systems originally developed by Krupp Atlas Elektronik GmbH for the new German oceanographic research vessel Meteor.The Hydrosweep is a Hydrographic wide-swathe sweep survey echosounder for both shallow and deep water applications providing accurate bathymetric surveys and terrain-following navigation capabilities.The Parasound system is a hull-mounted dual channel parametric narrow-beam deep sea survey and sub-bottom profiling echosounder enabling particularly high vertical and horizontal resolution of seabed features.  相似文献   

Waveform Shaping of Sonar Transducers for Improving the Vertical Resolution in Sub-bottom Sediments Profiling     

P. Cobo  C. Ranz  A. Fernández  M. Cuesta  D.K. Anthony  M. Siguero 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(2-4):87-95

Vertical resolution is of fundamental importance in sonar exploration and is directly related to the duration of the acoustic pulse generated by the transducer. The shorter the radiated pulse, the higher the vertical resolution. Many sub-bottom profiling sonar systems use piezoelectric transducers because they are reversible and well understood. Piezoelectric projectors are normally resonant transducers, which are intrinsically narrowband. A piezoelectric transducer is usually driven by a tone-burst. However, it is possible to use Fourier techniques to find a pre-compensated electrical driving function so that the transducer radiates a prescribed wider band acoustic waveform. This technique can be applied to synthesize zero-phase cosine-magnitude, Gaussian, and bionic pulses, with a conventional sandwich transducer. Zero-phase cosine-magnitude waveforms provide minimum length pulses (and therefore maximum resolution) within a prescribed frequency band.The aim of this paper is to illustrate the synthesis of wideband acoustic pulses using an underwater piezoelectric projector. The conventional acoustic waveform radiated when a Tonpiltz transducer is transiently excited using a “click” and allows its frequency response function to be measured. This function is used to design the electrical signal which then drives the transducer so that it radiates the shortest pulse compatible with its mechanical response. The significant resolution enhancement of the waveform shaping process is illustrated by its application to a sediment wedge model.  相似文献   

中、低纬太平洋ARGO测站Rossby内波垂直模态的数值计算     

叶志敏  张铭 《海洋通报》2004,23(6):1-7

针对中、低纬太平洋ARGO测站的4个实际层结个例，计算了无背景流下准地转海洋Rossby内波的垂直模态。结果表明，海水层结垂直方向的不均匀和跃层的存在，使该垂直模态的波型发生了歪曲变形，致使其偏离了余弦波：跃层越强，这种变形也越大：层结最强的层次对应着最大的波动振幅，多极值的层结对应着多个极大振幅：该内波垂直结构函数的零点随模态序数依次递增，且其零点在海水层结较强的层次要比较弱的层次密集。  相似文献   

A Moored Underwater Energy Conservation System for Profiling Measurement   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

龚德俊陈永华  李思忍徐永平 姜静波 《中国海洋工程》2007,21(3):541-548

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current,wave,temperature and so on in the South China Sea.A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships,is under development to acquire data from this area.This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system.It incorporates a small,instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation.On a pre-set schedule,the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by,which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar.And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming.Since,because of logistics,the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired,energy demands are severe.To respond to these concerns,the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down.Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode,it is advanced and economica1.At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.  相似文献   

Further evidence for non-reemergence of winter SST anomalies in the North Pacific eastern subtropical mode water area     

Shusaku Sugimoto  Kimio Hanawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):625-635

Following our previous study (Sugimoto and Hanawa, 2005b), we further investigate the reason why reemergence of winter sea surface temperature anomalies does not occur in the North Pacific eastern subtropical mode water (NPESTMW) area, despite its occurrence in the North Pacific subtropical mode water and North Pacific central mode water areas. We use vertical temperature and salinity profiles of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Hydrographic Program and Argo floats with high vertical and temporal resolution, together with heat flux data through the sea surface. We point out first that one of the causes for non-occurrence of reemergence is that the thickness of NPESTMW is very thin. In addition to this basic cause, two major reasons are found: a vigorous mixing in the lower portion of NPESTMW and less heat input from the atmosphere in the warming season. Since, in the lower portion of NPESTMW and deeper, the stratification is favorable for salt-finger type convection to occur compared with the other mode water areas, vigorous mixing takes place. This is confirmed by both a large Turner Angle there and the existence of staircase structures in vertical temperature and salinity profiles. From the viewpoint of heat input, the NPESTMW area gradually gains heat in the warming season compared with other mode water areas. As a result, NPESTMW cannot be capped so quickly by the shallow summer mixed layer, and water properties of NPESTMW are to be gradually modified, even in the upper portion.  相似文献   

Long-term Sensor Drift Found in Recovered Argo Profiling Floats   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Eitarou?OkaEmail author 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(4):775-781

We recovered three Argo profiling floats after 2 to 2.5 years of operation, and recalibrated their temperature, conductivity, and pressure sensors. The results demonstrate that these floats exhibited a significant drift in salinity of −0.0074 to −0.0125, primarily due to the conductivity sensor drift. Combined with the recalibration result for another previously recovered float, the indication is that the negative salinity drift increases nearly in proportion to the operating period of floats. The increasing rate is −0.0041 (±0.0015) year⁻¹, which yields a salinity drift of −0.016 (±0.006) for the expected float lifetime of four years. The present result suggests that reducing the float surfacing time would improve the accuracy of the salinity measurements.  相似文献   

Stability of Temperature and Conductivity Sensors of Argo Profiling Floats   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

Eitarou Oka  Kentaro Ando 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):253-258

After recalibration of the temperature and conductivity sensors of three Argo profiling floats recovered after operations for four to nine months, the results indicate that the floats basically showed no significant drift, either in temperature or salinity, and adequately fulfilled the accuracy requirement of the Argo project (0.005°C for temperature and 0.01 psu for salinity). Only the third float showed a significant offset in salinity of about −0.02 psu, as expected from comparison between the float data and the shipboard conductivity-temperature-depth data. This offset was caused by the operational error of the PROVOR-type float, in which the surface water was pumped immediately after the launch, fouling the conductivity sensor cell. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献